PUBLICATION V59
Equine Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) FAQs
If you have questions about this resource, contact the College of Veterinary Medicine.
Summary
Frequently asked questions about equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common cancer affecting the eyes and eyelids of horses. OSCC arises from surface skin or mucous membranes and can invade deeper tissues, including bone. Risk factors include white or lightly pigmented eyelids, ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, and genetic predisposition seen in breeds such as Appaloosas, Paints, Haflingers, Belgians, and some warmbloods. Early signs often appear as small red scabs on the eyelid or pink, raised masses on the eye, and diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy. Early treatment is critical for the best outcome. Surgery is the primary treatment but is most effective when combined with chemotherapy, cryotherapy, laser treatment, or radiation to reduce recurrence. Advanced cases may require eye removal. Prognosis depends on early detection, tumor location, and response to treatment, and ongoing monitoring with UV‑protective fly masks is recommended.
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